In cases that do not require human interfacing, limited or remote due to inaccessibility, core intelligence can be combined with centralized electric I/O. By using a high number of sensors and actuators, this approach can limit costs and the complication of large cabling bundles on your machine. For high throughput, low latency I/O, which has the processing power close to where the action is taking place, will prevent additional delays and complexity in avoidable communication channels, providing physically short feedback paths and control loops.
And even if core intelligence is remote, local processing can preprocess sensor data or close fast feedback loops, creating a structured implementation of distributed intelligence.
Case study Industrial Machine IO controller:

Communication:
IEEE802.3 10Base-T Ethernet
CANbus
RS232 serial interface
Electrical IO:
32 digital inputs 24V
32 24V/3A voltage free outputs
4 analog inputs (-10~10V / 12bits)
8 analog outputs (-10~10V / 12 bits)
6 SSI encoder inputs
Intelligence:
150Mhz 32bit DSP
128kB Flash / 36kB RAM
SW platform:
Native C application library
Case study IBR7 rapier drive IO board:

Communication:
High speed SPI control bus
Electrical IO:
15 4Amps bipolar stepper motor drive
1 brushless dc motor drive
12 digital inputs
2 12bit DAC outputs
Intelligence:
16Mhz 8 bit controller
FPGA based low level stepper motor sequencer
